Light Simulation with Participating Media

In this project we address the problem of light scattering in participating materials. We create a complete simulation of this phenomenon in a more general case than previous work. We analyse the directional part of light, in order to install a clear basis for future work. We derive two models from this analysis: the spherical Gaussians approximation and the double exponential approximation. These models are placed in the scope of the planned development of an improved method for scattering. We also code a custom ray tracer to have a complete pipeline of rendering and to understand the underneath concepts. The validation of our simulation is done by comparing against the results of Eugene d'Eon in his article of Quantized-diffusion.Dans ce projet, nous abordons le problème de la diffusion de la lumière dans des matériaux participant. Nous créons une simulation complète de ce phénomène dans un cas plus général que les travaux précédents. Nous analysons la partie directionnelle de la lumière, dans le but d'installer une base claire à de futurs travaux. Nous tirons deux modèles de cette analyse : l'approximation de gaussiennes sphériques et l'approximation de double exponentielle. Ces modèles sont placés dans le cadre de l'élaboration prévue d'une méthode amélioré pour la diffusion. Nous codons également un lanceur de rayons dans le but d'avoir un pipeline complet de rendu et de comprendre les concepts sous-jacents. La validation de notre simulation est effectuée en comparant avec les résultats de Eugene d'Eon dans son article Quantized-diffusion

Light Simulation with Participating Media

In this project we address the problem of light scattering in participating materials. We create a complete simulation of this phenomenon in a more general case than previous work. We analyse the directional part of light, in order to install a clear basis for future work. We derive two models from this analysis: the spherical Gaussians approximation and the double exponential approximation. These models are placed in the scope of the planned development of an improved method for scattering. We also code a custom ray tracer to have a complete pipeline of rendering and to understand the underneath concepts. The validation of our simulation is done by comparing against the results of Eugene d'Eon in his article of Quantized-diffusion.Dans ce projet, nous abordons le problème de la diffusion de la lumière dans des matériaux participant. Nous créons une simulation complète de ce phénomène dans un cas plus général que les travaux précédents. Nous analysons la partie directionnelle de la lumière, dans le but d'installer une base claire à de futurs travaux. Nous tirons deux modèles de cette analyse : l'approximation de gaussiennes sphériques et l'approximation de double exponentielle. Ces modèles sont placés dans le cadre de l'élaboration prévue d'une méthode amélioré pour la diffusion. Nous codons également un lanceur de rayons dans le but d'avoir un pipeline complet de rendu et de comprendre les concepts sous-jacents. La validation de notre simulation est effectuée en comparant avec les résultats de Eugene d'Eon dans son article Quantized-diffusion

Sequence-Specific Features of Short Double-Strand, Blunt-End RNAs Have RIG-I- and Type 1 Interferon-Dependent or -Independent Anti-Viral Effects

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including cytoplasmic DNA and double-strand (ds)RNA trigger the induction of interferon (IFN) and antiviral states protecting cells and organisms from pathogens. Here we discovered that the transfection of human airway cell lines or non-transformed fibroblasts with 24mer dsRNA mimicking the cellular micro-RNA (miR)29b-1* gives strong anti-viral effects against human adenovirus type 5 (AdV-C5), influenza A virus X31 (H3N2), and SARS-CoV-2. These anti-viral effects required blunt-end complementary RNA strands and were not elicited by corresponding single-strand RNAs. dsRNA miR-29b-1* but not randomized miR-29b-1* mimics induced IFN-stimulated gene expression, and downregulated cell adhesion and cell cycle genes, as indicated by transcriptomics and IFN-I responsive Mx1-promoter activity assays. The inhibition of AdV-C5 infection with miR-29b-1* mimic depended on the IFN-alpha receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and the RNA-helicase retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) but not cytoplasmic RNA sensors MDA5 and ZNFX1 or MyD88/TRIF adaptors. The antiviral effects of miR29b-1* were independent of a central AUAU-motif inducing dsRNA bending, as mimics with disrupted AUAU-motif were anti-viral in normal but not RIG-I knock-out (KO) or IFNAR2-KO cells. The screening of a library of scrambled short dsRNA sequences identified also anti-viral mimics functioning independently of RIG-I and IFNAR2, thus exemplifying the diverse anti-viral mechanisms of short blunt-end dsRNAsThe work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A_179256/1 to UFG, and 320030_205097 to JPS), the Swiss National Science Foundation SystemsX RTD InfectX (51RT 0_126008 to UFG and CvM), and the University Research Priority Program of the University of Zurich (URPP) ITINERARE – Innovative Therapies in Rare Diseases to JPS.Peer reviewe

Sequence-Specific Features of Short Double-Strand, Blunt-End RNAs Have RIG-I- and Type 1 Interferon-Dependent or -Independent Anti-Viral Effects

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including cytoplasmic DNA and double-strand (ds)RNA trigger the induction of interferon (IFN) and antiviral states protecting cells and organisms from pathogens. Here we discovered that the transfection of human airway cell lines or non-transformed fibroblasts with 24mer dsRNA mimicking the cellular micro-RNA (miR)29b-1* gives strong anti-viral effects against human adenovirus type 5 (AdV-C5), influenza A virus X31 (H3N2), and SARS-CoV-2. These anti-viral effects required blunt-end complementary RNA strands and were not elicited by corresponding single-strand RNAs. dsRNA miR-29b-1* but not randomized miR-29b-1* mimics induced IFN-stimulated gene expression, and downregulated cell adhesion and cell cycle genes, as indicated by transcriptomics and IFN-I responsive Mx1-promoter activity assays. The inhibition of AdV-C5 infection with miR-29b-1* mimic depended on the IFN-alpha receptor 2 (IFNAR2) and the RNA-helicase retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) but not cytoplasmic RNA sensors MDA5 and ZNFX1 or MyD88/TRIF adaptors. The antiviral effects of miR29b-1* were independent of a central AUAU-motif inducing dsRNA bending, as mimics with disrupted AUAU-motif were anti-viral in normal but not RIG-I knock-out (KO) or IFNAR2-KO cells. The screening of a library of scrambled short dsRNA sequences identified also anti-viral mimics functioning independently of RIG-I and IFNAR2, thus exemplifying the diverse anti-viral mechanisms of short blunt-end dsRNAs